Stuttgart

Stuttgart is the capital of the Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. With a population of approximately 632,000 in the immediate city (2017) and more than 5.2 million people in the metropolitan area (2013), Stuttgart is the 6th largest city in Germany.

Stuttgart is known as a centre of mechanical and automobile engineering with the headquarters of the world-famous Bosch, Mercedes and Porsche within its metropolitan area. It does not, however, resemble most other industry hubs, as it is a rather sparse city spread over many hills and valleys, with forests, parks, mineral springs and even vineyards within the city. Stuttgart forms the centre of Region Stuttgart, a densely populated and idustrialised area that is closely interwoven and shares the same public transport system consisting of 179 cities and municipalities with a rich history to discover.

Understand
Stuttgart consists of 23 districts (Stadtbezirke), which are further divided into 152 localities (Stadtteile). The five inner districts are named Mitte, Nord, Ost, Süd and West ("centre", "North", "East", "South" and "West", respectively). The outer districts are mostly former towns with their own names - of note are Zuffenhausen (Porsche headquarters and museum), Untertürkheim (headquarters of Daimler-Benz and Mercedes-Welt, as well as sports arenas sponsored by Porsche and Mercedes), and Bad Cannstatt (nice old centre, mineral water and lots of vineyards).

Despite being smaller and most densely populated among major German cities (when looking at the statistics), Stuttgart appears anything but that. This is because the population is not concentrated in the relatively small and hardly "metropolitan" centre, but is evenly spread over the hills contained within the city area, with multiple population centres stemming from the small towns that were incorporated into the present-day Stuttgart. Therefore, you will find many points of interest quite far away from each other, and the use of Stuttgart's very convenient public transport system quite necessary. Stuttgart is a big city with a small-town atmosphere.

Talk
If you do speak German well: beware that some people still speak the local Schwäbisch dialect natively, which may somewhat affect their standard German. They love to practise other languages (especially English) and will try to help you.

Airlines and destinations
The airport is a base for Lufthansa's low-fare subsidiary Eurowings. Moreover, most major European carriers have connections to Stuttgart from their main hubs, so there is a wide choice of direct flights to other German and European cities, and even if there is no direct flight from your origin, you will easily find a connection through any of the hubs. Stuttgart has a direct connection to Atlanta.

Moreover, Stuttgart's main railway station (Hauptbahnhof) is just an hour away by high-speed train (ICE) from Frankfurt Airport, which is one of Europe's major aviation hubs. Many airlines offer flights to Frankfurt with a connecting train to Stuttgart instead of direct flights to Stuttgart, and as this is very quick and convenient (landing you in the very city centre), you should consider this option as well.

There is a significant charter/holiday traffic between Stuttgart and the popular holiday destinations in southern Europe and North Africa, mostly served by dedicated carriers such as TUIfly. There is growing low-fare traffic to Stuttgart as well, with easyJet and Vueling all serving the airport from their bases across Europe.

Ground transportation
The best way to get from Stuttgart airport to the city centre is by using public transport which is clean, cheap and safe.
 * The S-Bahn line S2 or S3 will bring you in its red or gray vehicles to Stuttgart's centre (€3.70) within 27 minutes (see Timetable from station 'Flughafen' to station 'Hauptbahnhof'). Tickets can be purchased at vending machines at the level below the airport and above the platform (follow the symbol with a white S on a green background). Tickets should be validated at orange boxes on the platform before boarding the train. Alternatively, the VVS app can be used. The airport is not in Stuttgart, but in zone 2. You can use all public transport within the zones with this ticket.
 * The Stadtbahn line U6 will bring you to the airport from Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof in 32 min. Its yellow and black vehicles are especially designed to climb up and down the steep hills of Stuttgart. All axles of the vehicles are driven. It manages a steep slope of up to 8.5% which is the steepest regular-lane friction track in Europe that is used in local public transport. The airport U-Bahn stop is located outside of the airport building right next to the Mövenpick hotel (follow the symbol with a white U on a blue background).
 * Several bus lines head for other destinations (e.g. Tübingen (828) and Reutlingen (X3)). For early flights during the week, the night bus N8 will bring you from Schlossplatz to the airport. The scheduled arrival at the airport is at 04:24. All buses will stop at the Stuttgart bus terminal (SAB) outside of the airport building just across the street.
 * Taxis will be waiting at the airport. The airport's taxi service number is 0711/948 4409; Stuttgart's Taxi-Auto-Zentrale is 0711/55 10 000. Expect to pay around €30 to get to the city centre.
 * In the basement there are several car rental companies and outside at car park P4 there are parking lots reserved and used by ShareNow (Car2Go). If you only want to visit the city centre it is probably not the best option to rent a car.



Terminals and orientation
Stuttgart Airport has four terminals (numbered 1 to 4), but Terminals 1 to 3 share a common airside — the number of the terminal indicates in which concourse the check-in and luggage drop-off is in the main hall (1 is the westernmost concourse area, the 3 is the eastern one and the 2 is between the main concourse). Terminal 4 is separate, although connected by a walkway on the landside (not on the airside, so you have to make sure you go through security there if you are flying from Terminal 4). Departures are one level above arrivals and two levels above the S-Bahn station. See the airport's [http://www.stuttgart-airport.com/travellers-and-visitors/service/terminal-guide/? terminal guide] for detailed floor plans.
 * Terminal 1 serves mainly Lufthansa and most other Star Alliance carriers (Austrian, SAS, Swiss, Turkish)
 * Terminal 2 serves Eurowings
 * Terminal 3 serves intercontinental flights (Delta, United), Aegean Airlines and other non Star-Alliance airlines, including Condor and Tuifly
 * Terminal 4 is used mainly for charter and holiday flights

Hotels
There is a Moevenpick and a Wyndham Hotel at the airport. For nearby hotels, some with shuttle service (for a fee) see Leinfelden-Echterdingen and Filderstadt, Böblingen and Sindelfingen.



By bus
The long-distance bus market has been exploding in Germany since 2013. There are dozens of daily services from most major cities, which are often significantly cheaper than trains. Most buses offer amenities like Wi-Fi and power outlets and some can even transport bicycles. The best resource for checking connections is this German website. As of 2018 there is no public central bus station and all of those listed below are well outside the city centre. While they are all connected to public transit, plan some extra time getting to/from your station and remember to figure in the price of the S-Bahn when comparing bus and train tickets. For intercity bus stops in Germany, the Stuttgart area is actually better than the often quite disappointing average in terms of facilities and modernity.

By car
Stuttgart is among Germany's cities with most traffic jams, so try to avoid the rush-hour as car traffic can easily break down. Also parking is definitely a problem in most inner city areas. Expect a lack of parking facilities and high parking fees. Stuttgart is connected by the two major autobahns, the west/east-highway A8 to the south and the north/south-highway A81 to the west as well as smaller autobahn-like highways B10, B14, B27. However, Stuttgart has no motorway connection in the north east forcing commuters in this area to pass the city centre. Generally, follow the sign "Stuttgart Zentrum" to get to the centre of Stuttgart. Use park and ride facilities if possible. The most accessible are the park and ride facilities in Degerloch Albstraße and Österfeld. Stuttgart is low emission zone. Be sure that your car has the green sticker, but you are allowed to access those park and ride facilities with cars that do not meet the standards.

Get around
Stuttgart has a very compact city centre with most destinations within walking distance. Nearly all visitors arrive at the main train station (Hauptbahnhof). From there the remarkable 1.2-km-long pedestrian shopping street called “Königstraße” leads through the heart of the city, passing the Schlossplatz with the amazing New Palace, to the Rotebühlplatz (Stadtmitte). Other main sights (e.g. museums, opera) are just around the corner.



By public transport
Stuttgart's public transportation system comprises two light rail system - the Stadtbahn (or U-Bahn) and Schnellbahn (S-Bahn), as well as a city bus system. It is managed by VVS and is fully integrated in that there is one fare and ticketing system for all forms of transit, so that a single ticket can be used on any mixture of buses and trains that may be required to complete the journey. The VVS's network called is divided in zones. The city of Stuttgart is only Zone 1. Most lines will lead via Hauptbahnhof, ending in a layout that is pretty centralised: If you want to go somewhere, chances are, you have to ride via Hauptbahnhof. The following Stadtbahn or S-Bahn stations are in the heart of the city: Hauptbahnhof, Schlossplatz, Charlottenplatz, Stadtmitte (Rotebühlplatz), Feuersee, Rathaus, Staatsgalerie and Berliner Platz (Liederhalle). For a complete description see the official map of VVS-network.

From Sunday to Wednesday public transportation stops around 01:00. On the weekend the S-Bahn is running hourly the whole night on all lines. So the inner city route from Hauptbahnhof to Schwabstraße is connected frequently. Additionally there are several night buses running, all starting from the Schlossplatz. On Thursdays there are night buses at 01:20, 02:30, 03:40. Be careful if you have a very early airplane since there are no S-Bahn connections weekdays to the airport in the early morning between 01:00 and 05:00. The only option is a night bus from Schlossplatz.



U-Bahn (Stadtbahn)
Stuttgart's Stadtbahn is a combination of suburban light rail, tramway/streetcar system and underground metro (subway). In the very centre of the city, the tracks run underground, and the overground sections run along city streets, partially grade-separated and partially integrated into city streets like tramways. That way, the yellow carriages of the Stadtbahn can travel all the way from the suburban hillsides to the central hub by the Hauptbahnhof, allowing convenient commuting with minimal changeovers.

To distinguish the Stadtbahn from the suburban trains of the Schnellbahn, it is referred to as U-Bahn, and its lines numbered from U1 to U16. U-Bahn stands for underground/metro/subway in most other cities in German-speaking countries, even though in Stuttgart it runs underground over only a small portion of the network.

Most of the U-Bahn lines go through the underground section in the city centre, stopping at either the Hauptbahnhof, Charlottenplatz or both - with the exception of line U3, U 8 and U13 which go to their destinations without crossing the city centre. See map for details. The numbers U11 and U19 are reserved for special lines only operating during major events in the Neckarpark. The U10 moniker is reserved for the Zahnradbahn (see below)., Since rebuilding the station Staatsgallerie is under way there are some temporary lines in effect. Check the map at your station for information about these temporary lines.



S-Bahn (Schnellbahn)
The Schnellbahn (or S-Bahn), literally meaning "fast railway", is a system of regional trains operated by the Deutsche Bahn for VVS. They run over mainline and railway track sections separate from the Stadtbahn, with fewer stops/stations and reaching farther beyond the city that the Stadtbahn. As the S-Bahn is separate from the U-Bahn, not all stations are integrated - there are S-Bahn stations with no connections to the U-Bahn system. That said, they are covered by the same ticket/fare system and compliment itself well.

You will most probably find the S-Bahn most convenient to use when covering larger distances or getting to locations not served by the U-Bahn, like the airport or Porsche Museum in Zuffenhausen. The S-Bahn lines are numbered from S1 to S6, plus the extra line S60.

All of the lines travel through the so-called Stammstrecke (common track) in the city centre, between the Schwabstraße station and the Hauptbahnhof. From there, the lines extend in all directions towards the extremities of Stuttgart. Of particular interest are the S2 and S3, which extend to the Airport. Both go through the city centre to Bad Cannstatt and split in Waiblingen towards their separate termini. While the airport station (Flughafen) is the terminus for S3, the S2 continues to Filderstadt beyond the airport.

Zahnradbahn and Seilbahn
There are two fascinating transportations in Stuttgart, which are worth riding just because of the vehicle. The rack-railway (Zahnradbahn, commonly called Die Zacke) is the only urban rack-railway in Germany and comes with an amazing view over Stuttgart. It has 8 stations and runs between its termini:

The historic cable-car (Standseilbahn) line connects Stuttgart-Heslach with the Waldfriedhof cemetery on the hill. It only has two stations - one downhill and one uphill:

Both rack-railway and cable-car do not require a special ticket, instead all normal tickets valid in Zone 10 (including day tickets) are valid.

Tickets and fares
Several ticket option are available (as of Dec 2018):


 * 3-Day-Ticket - if you are staying for more than a day, for added mobility buy a special "3-Tage-Ticket" for unlimited rides throughout Stuttgart. These are available in hotels, at the airport and the tourist information at the end of Königstraße near Hauptbahnhof - but make sure you take proof that you're a tourist (e.g. hotel booking confirmation). There are two types of 3-day tickets available. One covers the main Stuttgart city including Fellbach and Korntal (tarif zones 1 and 2, €14), and the other is valid for the entire VVS network, including Ludwigsburg (€19.50).
 * Single Day Ticket - called EinzelTagesTicket, are also good value for visitors (1–2 zones: €5.20, 3–4 zones: €8.60, entire network: €13.20) They allow as many journeys until the end of day.
 * Group Day Tickets - GruppenTagesTickets for up to 5 persons (1–2 zones: €12.30, 3–4 zones: €17.10. entire network: €19.90).
 * Single Ticket - A Single Ride Ticket entitles the rider to one ride in the same direction, but changing lines as well as ride interruptions are permitted. The tickets remain in effect for two hours from purchase (1 zone: €2.50, 2 zones: €2.90, 3 zones: 4.20....)
 * StuttCard - provides free access to museums and a number discounts on purchase, can be combined with a 1-, 2- or 3-day travel pass.

In the Stadtbahn and the buses stamping machines are available inside the cars, while on the S-Bahn they are at the entrances of the stations and there is no possibility to stamp once you are in the train. (If you do forget to stamp your ticket in the S-Bahn, either get out at the next station, stamp and wait for the following train, or write the current time and location on the stamping field with a non-erasable pencil – this will also be accepted by the inspectors most of the time.)

Fare-dodging is severely frowned upon and plain-clothes inspectors are on constant patrol. Fines are steep, starting at €60 per person for the first offense.

By car
If you intend to drive by car inside Stuttgart, the only possibility to park are parking blocks at about €1.50 per hour. Some parking blocks are closed during late night, providing no way of getting your car out. The street layout and numerous tunnels in Stuttgart can be confusing for tourists. Driving by car is not recommended.

By e-hailing
Uber and Free Now cover the city.

By taxi
Taxis are expensive. For €10 you will get about 4 minutes of a taxi drive. With two or more people, getting a taxi together at night (when public transportation has stopped) can make sense. Call a taxi in Stuttgart: Phone Nr. 0711/55 10 000 - Taxi-Auto-Zentrale Stuttgart. There is a special offer for women travelling at night for more safety. If you are a woman or a group of only women travelling after 20:00, you can request a Frauen-Nacht-Taxi, which will have a female driver and the costs are reduced by €5. The Uber app can also be used in Stuttgart.

See
Stuttgart, which once had a reputation as the conservative capital of the south-west, has turned into a bustling metropolis with world-class culture, great shopping and night-life. The capital’s architecture is an appealing mixture of historical and modern buildings with green parks and even vineyards throughout the city. The unique cauldron-shaped landscape offers plenty of scenic lookouts and formed a dense city centre where nowadays fortunately most of Stuttgart's main attractions are. In the heart of the city centre the Palace Square is a must for visitors and an ideal starting point for a tour.

City Centre






Museums
Stuttgart is home of a wide range of very good museums including 5 state museums and two automobile museums.











Towers and scenic outlooks
Stuttgart is inside a valley picturesquely surrounded by green hills, which the locals call Kessel, or a cauldron. Therefore, one of the main attractions are the views from the hillsides and hilltops around the city. There are several options to enjoy an extraordinary view over the Swabian capital:



Parks and gardens
"Das Grüne U": Most of Stuttgart's many parks and gardens are usually referred to by locals as "das Grüne U" (the green "U") because of the U-shaped form in which they are located around the city centre. They form a long and beautiful path around the city, starting at the Schlossgarten at the northern façade of the new palace (Neues Schloss), continuing through with the natural history museum and a rear entrance to Wilhelma (the zoo),  and ending in. Walking at a reasonable pace, you can walk the entire circuit in about 2 hours. There are beer gardens (look for Biergarten signs) and restaurants along the way, and the Killesberg Park is a real treat. It was designed for a huge botanical expo several years ago (IGA 1993) and remains a truly stunning park, especially in spring when in full bloom. If you're interested in architecture, be sure not to miss the structural engineering wonder Killesberg Tower, a minimalistic steel construction composed of one central support and a cable outer support system. Not officially part of the Green U but connected is the tiny and the  including its villa from the mid-19th century.

Rail transport systems

 * Killesberg Railway, a small railway in Killesberg park, on weekends using steam-powered engines!

Culture

 * Theater Stuttgart shows when what is played where in the state capital. With depictions of the venues (such as the beautiful ), illustrated play descriptions, location and arrival maps and general information about the theaters.
 * Theater Stuttgart shows when what is played where in the state capital. With depictions of the venues (such as the beautiful ), illustrated play descriptions, location and arrival maps and general information about the theaters.
 * Theater Stuttgart shows when what is played where in the state capital. With depictions of the venues (such as the beautiful ), illustrated play descriptions, location and arrival maps and general information about the theaters.
 * Theater Stuttgart shows when what is played where in the state capital. With depictions of the venues (such as the beautiful ), illustrated play descriptions, location and arrival maps and general information about the theaters.
 * Theater Stuttgart shows when what is played where in the state capital. With depictions of the venues (such as the beautiful ), illustrated play descriptions, location and arrival maps and general information about the theaters.
 * Theater Stuttgart shows when what is played where in the state capital. With depictions of the venues (such as the beautiful ), illustrated play descriptions, location and arrival maps and general information about the theaters.

Sports

 * Football:
 * Football:
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 * Football:

Around Stuttgart
From Stuttgart you can arrange many nice day trips:

Shopping around the Königstraße
The main shopping street in Stuttgart is the Königstraße which starts at the main railway station. Left and right of Königstraße are interesting shops, too, but Königstraße is a good startpoint for navigation in the inner city. Stores and shops usually open their doors M-Sa 10:00 to 20:00.

Music stores




Food markets
There are weekly food markets in almost every district. Days and opening times vary a lot. To get an overview on the website of Stuttgarter Wochenmärkte

Eat
There are restaurants all over Stuttgart. The traditional Swabian cuisine with onion-topped roast pork, think noodles called "Spätzle" or Maultaschen (stuffed noodles) is very tasty. Of course there are also restaurants serving styles from many other parts of the world.

Stuttgart publishes a book annually entitled Stuttgart geht aus (Stuttgart goes out). This is available at most book stores on Königstraße (e.g. Wittwer). This book, published in German, is a great guide to restaurants in the city.

Food courts with various types of (fast) food can be found in the malls Milaneo, Gerber and Königsbaupassagen.

Budget
All these are in the city center:



Breakfast
In the morning, locals definitely want to get some fresh bread (and brezels and broetchen [bread rolls/buns]) from the baker's shop and serve them with butter, cheese, ham, honey, jam and eggs from the fridge. Many locals and visitors will enjoy breakfast at the bakery itself, in the "Stehcafe" - literally, "standing cafe". These are usually a corner of the shop with tall tables which you stand at rather than sit at. Orange juice together with coffee or tea or hot chocolate will fit nicely. The breakfast in hotels will also look more or less that way.

You can also order this breakfast setup in some or the other cafe or pub, but you'd have to know the good places at first, if you don't want to end up with a poor dish. There are 3 Starbucks coffee shops along Königstraße (a 4th in the high-end district on Calwer Straße). But don't look for low-fat muffin or cream cheese options.

Drink
Stuttgart has developed a vibrant nightlife with many clubs and pubs in the heart of the city. The most popular street for clubbing is the Theodor-Heuss-Straße ("Theo"). Several bars, clubs and lounges have opened here. During the summer, there are also many opportunities to have a drink outside. In the "Theo" you can listen to good house, drum'n'bass, hip-hop and other kinds of electronic music. However it is not always easy to get into most clubs because of the restrictive door policy!

For a more laid-back atmosphere try the area surrounding the "Hans-im-Glück" ("Lucky Hans") fountain just a stone's throw from Königsstraße. In this charming quarter in Stuttgart's old town centre, many pubs and bars are crammed next to each other. Especially in the summer months a unique southern flair mixed with a great party scene with open-minded people make this area special.

Concerts, nightclubs and events are covered by local magazines (generally not in English). Try Lift and Prinz.

Because street drinking is still legal in Germany budget-travellers can save some money if they buy their drinks at a supermarket. A beer is there, e.g. only €0.50 compared to €3 and more in pubs. There are two of the REWE supermarkets at the beginning and the end of the Königstraße. There you can buy cheap snacks, softdrinks and alcoholic drinks from Monday to Saturday up till 22:00. Lots of young people do so and hang around the beautiful Schlossplatz.

Gay & lesbian

 * Eagle (men-only leather bar)
 * Boots (men-only country style bar)
 * Kings Club (mixed dance club)
 * Jenseitz (mixed gay bar)
 * Zap

Sleep
To stay in the city centre (Mitte) around the Königstraße is probably the nicest, but also most expensive option. Still in walking distance are the beautiful districts of West and Süd. Other accommodations further out in the districts Nord, Cannstatt, Feuerbach or Vaihingen are perfectly reachable by public transport. If you intend to arrive by car check at the hotel for parking possibilities. If you have an early morning flight, it is possible to spend the night in the airport, as check-in areas stay open at night.

Budget




Connect
The main telecommunications provider in Germany is Deutsche Telekom which trades under the names of T-Home (for landline phones), T-Online (for Internet connections) and T-Mobile for mobile communications. Anything relating to these companies are easily identified by the bright pink "T" logo. There are often shops in German towns called "T-Punkt" (Literally T-Point) where you can buy cell phones and get other information.

Net

 * Commercial WLAN-Hotspots are available at the airport and few other places.
 * Usenet, see group: stgt.general
 * IRCnet: join channel #stuttgart

Stay safe
Stuttgart is quite safe. Even at night one may walk alone through the city without fear. One rare exception is the central city park, which should be avoided during late night hours. The biggest danger for a pedestrian in Stuttgart is probably the cars (or the bicycles in the parks). As the city centre is at the bottom of a relatively deep valley and the traffic situation is far from satisfactory, Stuttgart has an endemic smog problem that gets worse when the weather "traps" the air in the valley. While there are attempts to combat the air pollution, for example by issuing discounted or free public transit tickets on smog days, the problem is likely to persist for some time.

Pretty much the whole state of Baden-Württemberg is a risk zone for ticks. Some of them spread encephalitis or borreliosis. So keep your feet covered or use repellant in forest areas.

Consulates

 * 🇷🇴 Romania

Go next

 * Black Forest &mdash; In Triberg (120 km south), a beautiful old village in the heart of the black forest which specialises in grandfather and cuckoo clocks, you can see the largest waterfalls in Europe.
 * Swabian Mountains &mdash; The Schwäbische Alb (hilly mattock landscape) covering natures highlights like the mystical colored "Blautopf" and stalactite caves like "Bärenhöhle". Can be a nice day trip for families with children.
 * Go shopping in the outlet city Metzingen - Europe's largest outlet (close to Reutlingen)
 * Visit the charming university cities of Tübingen, Heidelberg (80 km northwest), Freiburg (120 km southwest) or Ulm (80 km east).

By train
For connections and timetables see webpages of Deutsche Bahn AG.

For connections to nearer cities in the area which may be worth a visit (e.g. Esslingen, Ludwigsburg with their historic centres), you may also try the "S-Bahn" commuter trains which will take you there and back at least every half an hour. See Public transportation above for more information and timetable links. Other nearby cities that may be of interest include Tübingen, Reutlingen and Schwäbisch Hall.



Fast inner-German connections
From main station Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof:


 * to Cologne (Köln) 2hr 15min: (ICE via Mannheim, Frankfurt - travelling at up to 305 km/h)
 * to Berlin 5hr 26min: (ICE via Göttingen - doesn't reach high speed on this track)
 * to Frankfurt 1hr 26min. (Frankfurt Airport 1hr 15min; ICE direct)
 * to Hamburg 5hr 8 min: (ICE via Hannover)
 * to Mannheim 38min (ICE)
 * to Munich (München) 1hr 58min: (ICE via Ulm, Augsburg - not top speed)
 * to Nuremberg 2hr 10min (IC)
 * to Freiburg/Br. 2hr 16min (IC via Karlsruhe).



Fast European connections
From main station Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof:


 * to Salzburg (Austria): 4hr 5min (ICE)
 * to Vienna (Austria): 6hr 32min (IC, EN; via Munich and Salzburg)
 * to Strasbourg (France) 1hr 20min (TGV),
 * to Paris (France): 3hr 11min (TGV via Strasbourg) or 4 hours (ICE, change in Mannheim)
 * to Zurich (Switzerland): 2hr 48min (ICE via Schaffhausen)
 * to Amsterdam (Netherlands): 5hr 1min (ICE via Köln, Arnhem)
 * to Prague (Czech Republic): 8hr 32 min (ICE, EC)
 * to Brussels (Belgium): 4hr 49min (ICE, IC, Thalys)