Skadar Lake National Park

Skadar Lake National Park is the Montenegrin side of Lake Skadar. It is the largest lake of the Balkans.

Understand
Lake Skadar is a vast freshwater lake, two thirds of which is in Montenegro and the remainder in Albania. It is surrounded by dramatic karst mountains and hosts a thrilling array of wildlife with more than 260 species of birds, traditional fishing villages, islet monasteries and pristine beaches.

It has been a protected National Park since 1983 and was added, in 1996, to the World's List of Wetlands of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention.

History
Lake Skadar has a long, proud history. Once part of the ancient Slav province of Zeta, it was invaded by the Turks in the 13th century and occupied for five centuries with many battles witnessed by now crumbling fortresses such as Besac in Virpazar and Lessendro in Vranjina.

When the Turks were expelled from Montenegro in the late 19th century, Skadar town (once the capital of Zeta) was incorporated into Albania and is also called Shkoder. Meanwhile several Albanian villages on the southern shores such as Ostros and Donji-Murići became part of Montenegro.

During the fighting days against the Ottomans, Montenegro's rulers established their ruling seat and bastion in the north-west wetlands, at Žabljak Crnojevići, until they were forced to move their capital to Cetinje in 1482.

By the 19th and early 20th century, with an independent Montenegro, the lake returned to royal glory with King Nikola setting up his summer court at the attractive lake town of Rijeka Crnojevića.

In World War II, Lake Skadar made history again as Virpazar provided the scene of the first Partisan uprising in Montenegro.

Landscape
Lake Skadar is the largest freshwater lake in the Balkans. It is fed by the Morača river and a series of underwater springs. An unusual feature, creating a special eco-system, is the annual expansion of the lake's circumference from 370 km² in summer to 530 km² in winter.

On average it is 44 km long, 10 km wide and 8 metres deep.

Flora and fauna
The variety of different habitats offered at Lake Skadar attract an incredible range of wildlife and provide one of the five most important birding sites in Europe with more than 260 different species to see. They include pygmy cormorant, the rare southern dalmatian pelican, storks, herons, egrets and ibises.

The surrounding hinterland is home to wild tortoises, lizards, amphibians, snakes and even wild boar.

The lake is also famous for its medicinal plants and wild orchids.

Climate
The climate is Mediterranean with long hot summers and a short cold winter made very wet by the mountainous nature of the region.

Get in
By train Virpazar, the main settlement at the lake, has a train station on the Bar-Belgrade line operated by Serbian Railways, with several trains visiting daily.

By bus You can also get to Virpazar by bus from Montenegro's capital, Podgorica, or nearby coastal town Sutomore. Note that public transport is not available to reach other settlements around the lake.

Fees and permits
A small fee is payable for a day's access to the national park and permits are required for fishing. Contact the Visitors' Centre of the National parks of Montenegro in Vranjina for more information. Opening hours: during the summer tourist season, daily 08:00-18:00; Out of season: M-F 08:00-16:00. Contact details: np-skadarlake@t-com.me; +382 20 879 103.

Get around
Public transport is not available around the lake, but there are tourist agencies in Virpazar who can arrange lifts for you. Private car hire highly recommended.

See
Boat tours and cultural attractions Skadar Lake features very rich cultural and historical assets dating from prehistoric times. Visit archaeological sites, fortresses, Middle Age churches and monasteries, water-mills, unique fishing settlements and more. Special events Ecotourism Day – Skadar Lake National Park, in June. Ecology, tourism, culture and sports days, in several places around Skadar Lake (Plavnica, Murići, Rijeka Crnojevića, Žabljak Crnojevića), in July, August and September.

Scutari Lake Trophy, an international fishing contest, organized every year in July.

The festival of vine and bleak is organized at Virpazar every December.

Do
Birdwatching With its 271 bird species, four bird-watching towers on Stanaj, Radus, Plavnica and Zabljacke and eight organized bird-watching tours offered by the National Park, Lake Skadar is a real attraction for bird-watchers and nature lovers. Skadar Lake is also the habitat for the protected, rare curly pelican. Since 1995 it has been a designated Wetland of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention as a habitat for water birds.

Especially interesting bird species are: Dalmatian Pelican colonies (Pelecanus crispus); the Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus) (the biggest world colony of approximately 2000 bird pairs); the Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybridus); The Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo); the Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca); the White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla); as well as several hundreds of Grey Heron (Ardea ralloides); There are five ornithological reserves at Skadar Lake: Manastirska tapija, Grmozur, Omerova gorica, Crni zar, Pancevo oko.

Hiking This is a good destination for walkers, although not as challenging as Montenegro's North, where the mountains are far higher. The National Park authorities have marked some paths and provided info-boards. Contact the visitor centre for more information. Cycling Marked routes available throughout the National Park and surrounding areas. A great 55 km circular route is - Virpazar, Boljevici, Stari-Bar, Ulcinj (overnight), Ostros, Murici, Godinje, Virpazar.

Speleology Around the lake there are various interesting caves to visit including Obod, Grbocica, Bobosuta and Ispila.

Boat tours Easily arranged when you reach Virpazar.

Buy
Virpazar offers a grocery store for essentials and has a weekly farmers' and fishermens' market on a Friday morning. In summer, the tree-lined streets offer little market stalls selling tourist souvenirs, home-produced olive oil and wines.

Camping
Camping is not permitted within the National Park borders.