Phrasebooks

Phrasebooks are works compiling a list of useful words and phrases in a foreign language alongside their translation, used mainly by people travelling abroad. They also provide useful information about the language and culture of the destination area, in order to allow the reader to get by easier in situations that could arise in the destination.

Wikivoyage has dozens of digital phrasebooks that you can use on the internet, download to your favourite device for offline use, or print onto paper.

Understand
Learning a language can take months or years, but real-world travel plans for leisure or business often don't allow you the necessary time. That's where a phrasebook becomes useful.

Phrasebooks are not grammar guides, dictionaries nor language courses. Rather, they are an aid to help you understand and say specific words and phrases, with a focus on everyday conversation and on scenarios that typically occur during a temporary stay in another country or region. They are usually divided into thematic chapters according to the purpose of communication, such as how to greet someone, how to ask for food, how to buy something, and how to ask for help. Sometimes they can be accompanied by a digital support with audio files to practise pronunciation and ease listening comprehension.

Most phrasebooks include an explanatory guide to the language's writing system, phonology and pronunciation. Some also touch on aspects of the native culture, or include an elementary grammar guide or reference index. A good phrasebook will thus allow you to deal with most common situations that arise during temporary travel, without needing to have an interpreter escort you. Electronic phrasebooks have the additional virtue of being as light and easy to carry as your device.

But if your reason for travelling is for longer-term purposes such as studying, working or retiring abroad, your phrasebook will only get you so far. In these situations, it is best to properly learn the local language.

Choosing a suitable phrasebook
First, you have to determine which language you'll be focusing on for your trip; check out the 'Talk' section of the article for your destination country or region. Most likely, the language you'll want a phrasebook for will be the local language (or a variety of that language) spoken in the destination. However, some places have a dominant language that may be non-native or with colonial origins that a large percentage of the local population understands as a second language. Examples of these include Hindi in India, or French in parts of Africa. Such languages are often easier to find complete and useful phrasebooks for, whereas the true native language may be considered "obscure" in your home country. Yet, for a more authentic travel experience, to truly understand the local culture, or if you simply want to leave your comfort zone, it may be better to choose a phrasebook for the local language.

Once you’ve chosen a language, you have to find the most suitable storage format for your phrasebook, according to your trip and destination.

If the place you’re visiting is somewhere a high-speed internet connection is practically taken for granted, it is a good idea to choose the digital format. As long as you have internet, you can access an unlimited number of phrasebooks you want through the device and keep them updated. By contrast, paper books are static and can only become outdated. Digital phrasebooks can even include audio files to practise your listening and speaking skills.

When travelling in countries where the connection is poor, you can still use your device, although it's advisable to download an offline copy of the target phrasebook beforehand. The Kiwix project, a static version of Wikivoyage that can be used offline, is one option.

In very remote destinations without reliable access to power sockets, it is better to bring a phrasebook in paperback format or to print out your digital phrasebook ahead of time.

Practice makes perfect
Before you even leave home, it’s a great idea to read through the phrasebook of your target language. This will allow you to become familiar with its contents and layout, to memorise the most important phrases and to start practising and assimilating the pronunciation, if possible with the help of an audiobook. You’ll also get advance warning of what useful words and phrases are not in the phrasebook, while you still have the opportunity to source additional material.

The earlier you start, the more time you’ll have to learn at an effective pace. It’s much easier to memorise five new words a day for a month than it is to learn a whole phrasebook while sitting in departures. The more prepared you are before you arrive in your destination, the lower the chances you’ll find yourself desperately rummaging through your phrasebook while a local impatiently waits for you to say something intelligible.

Language phrasebooks
The following sections list the foreign language phrasebooks that are available on Wikivoyage. For more general information on language and travel, including tips for where few locals speak your language, see Talk.

A few languages are very widely used throughout the world and are listed first. All other languages are listed under the continent where they are most closely identified. If you are not sure which languages are spoken in the country you plan to visit, see the "Talk" section of the article for that country.

Phrasebooks are coded according to their level of completion and overall quality­ as outlined at Phrasebook status:

&mdash; stub

&mdash; outline

&mdash; usable

&mdash; guide

&mdash; star

Phrasebooks marked with an asterisk (*) have been featured on the Main Page as a Featured Travel Topic.

World
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Arabic (Modern Standard)

Chinese (Mandarin)*

French*

Portuguese*

Russian*

Spanish (or Castilian)

Africa
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Afan Oromo

Afrikaans

Akuapem Twi

Anufo

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Amharic

Bambara (or Bamanankan)

Berber

Buli

Chadian Arabic

Chibemba

Dagbani

Dawro

Dogon

Ebira

Egyptian Arabic

Esan

Ewe

Farefari

French*

Fula

Fulfulde

German

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Hausa

Idoma

Igbo*

Isekiri

Jju

Kanuri

Kasem

Kinyarwanda (or Ikinyarwanda)

Kikuyu

Kirundi (or Ikirundi)

Krio

Lamba

Luganda

Luo

Maa

Malagasy

Mooré

Moroccan Arabic

Nyanja (or Chewa)

Oromo

Portuguese*

Sango

Sesotho

Seychellois Creole

Somali

Spanish

Susu

Swahili (or Kiswahili)

Swazi

Taita

Tashelhit (or Shilha)

Tem

Tigrinya

Tsonga

Tswana

Tumbuka

Tunisian Arabic

Twi

Tyap

Wolayttattuwa

Wolof

Xhosa

Yoruba

Zarma

Zulu

Asia
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Ainu

Bumthangkha

Burushaski

Khiamniungan Naga

Ladino

Majhi

Nuosu

Sakha

Savji

Sharchopkha

Tamang

Tatar

Thami (or Thangmi)

Udmurt

Yaeyama

Yonaguni

Zaza (or Zazaki)

Asian Russia
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Ossetian

Russian*

Tuvan

Yiddish

Central Asia
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Dari

Kazakh

Kyrgyz

Pashto (or Pushtu)

Persian

Russian*

Tajik

Turkmen

Uzbek

East Asia
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Amdo Tibetan

Cantonese

Chinese (Mandarin)*

Hainanese

Hakka

Japanese

Korean

Manchu

Mindong

Minnan (or Hokkien/Taiwanese)

Mongolian

Portuguese

Shanghainese (or Wu Chinese)

Teochew (or Chiuchao)

Tibetan

Uyghur

Middle East
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Arabic (Modern Standard)

Hebrew

Jordanian Arabic

Kurdish

Lebanese Arabic

Persian

Turkish

South Asia
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Assamese

Balochi

Bengali (or Bangla)

Chittagonian

Dhivehi

Dogri

Dzongkha

Gujarati

Hindi

Kannada

Kashmiri

Konkani

Ladakhi

Maithili

Malayalam

Manipuri (or Meitei)

Marathi

Nepali

Odia (or Oriya)

Portuguese*

Punjabi

Sanskrit

Saraiki

Sherpa

Sindhi

Sinhala*

Sylheti

Tamil

Telugu

Tulu

Urdu

Southeast Asia
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Aklanon (or Akeanon)

Balinese

Banjar

Betawi

Bikol (or Central Bikol)

Bugis

Burmese

Capiznon (or Capiceño)

Cebuano (or Bisayan)

Chavacano

Cirebon

Filipino (or Tagalog)

French*

Hiligaynon (or Ilonggo)

Iban

Ilocano (or Iluko)

Ivatan

Kangean

Kapampangan

Kayan

Kinaray-a

Indonesian*

Javanese

Khmer (or Cambodian)

Lao

Madurese

Makassar

Malay

Manado Malay (or Minahasa Malay)

Minangkabau

Musi

Osing (or Using)

Palembang

Pandan Bikol (or Northern Catanduanes Bikol)

Pangasinan

Penan

Rejang

Riau Malay

Rinconada (or Rinconada Bikol)

Sambal

Sasak

Sumbawa (or Samawa)

Sundanese

Surabaya Javanese

Tausug (or Bahasa Sūg)

Tengger

Tetum

Thai

Vietnamese

Waray

Europe
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Abkhaz

Albanian

Arberesh

Armenian*

Aromanian

Azerbaijani (or Azeri)

Bashkir

Basque

Belarusian*

Bosnian

Breton

Bulgarian

Catalan

Chechen

Circassian

Corsican

Croatian

Czech*

Danish

Dutch

Dutch Low Saxon

Estonian

Faroese

Finnish*

French*

Galician

Georgian

German

Greek

Hungarian

Icelandic

Irish

Italian*

Kalmyk

Karachay-Balkar

Ladino

Latvian

Lithuanian

Low German

Luxembourgish

Macedonian

Maltese

Manx Gaelic

Montenegrin

Norwegian

Piedmontese

Polish

Portuguese*

Provençal

Romanian

Russian*

Saami

Samogitian

Scottish Gaelic

Serbian

Slovak

Slovenian (or Slovene)

Spanish

Swedish*

Swiss-German

Tatar

Turkish

Ukrainian

Welsh

West Frisian

Yiddish

North America
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Dutch

French*

Greenlandic

Haitian Creole

Inuktitut

Jamaican Patois

Navajo

Papiamento

Spanish

Western Apache

Yiddish

Oceania
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Australian Kriol

Bislama

Carolinian

Chamorro (or Chamoru)

Chinese (Mandarin)*

Betawi

Eastern Arrernte

Fijian

French*

Hawaiian

Indonesian*

Māori

Marshallese

Nauruan

Niuean

Norfuk/Pitkern

Pijin (Solomon Islands Pidgin)

Samoan

Tahitian

Tetum

Tokelauan

Tok Pisin (or New Guinea Pidgin)

Tongan

Torres Strait Creole

Tuvaluan

South America
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Brazilian Portuguese

Dutch

French*

Quechua

Sranan

Spanish

Yiddish

Special purpose
Some special purpose lists of phrases are also available.
 * Hitchhiking phrasebook

Scriptbooks
These special "phrasebooks" are for people interested in learning to read or write a complex script.

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Devanagari