Lincoln

Lincoln is the county town of Lincolnshire, with a population of 97,541 in 2019. It has a well-preserved medieval centre, with a cathedral and castle atop its cobbled Steep Hill. There are also a couple of sites for those interested in military aviation history.

Understand
Much of prehistoric Lincolnshire was wetland, but a scarp of chalk and sandstone ran north-south, a natural transport corridor and vantage point. The River Witham broke through midway, so you had to descend from the scarp, squelch across the valley then climb the other side. The Romans turned this route into Ermine Street and colonised the north slope as Lindum. The river was navigable yet the upper settlement was flood-free, so Lindum prospered through agriculture and as an ecclestiastical centre. Thus Lincoln became a substantial medieval cathedral city; its woollen wear was dyed with blue woad and yellow meld to create "Lincoln Green".

The city saw strife with 12th century civil wars and anti-semitic pogroms, French incursions, the Dissolution of the Monasteries which cut ecclesiastic income, and the 17th century civil wars. It recovered with advances in agriculture of the Georgian era, especially the drainage of Lincolnshire which greatly increased arable land. It developed heavy industry in the 19th century but from the visitors' point of view had two strokes of luck. The Great North Road (later A1) took a more westerly route from Peterborough through Newark to avoid the Humber, as did the London-York railway, and city industry was down in the valley not up on the scarp. This meant that the medieval centre wasn't re-developed, and remains one of the most attractive in Britain.

is at 9 Castle Hill at the crossroads with Bailgate and the cathedral precinct's Exchequer Gate. It's open M-Sa 10AM-5PM, Su 11AM-4PM, tel +44 1522 545458.

By plane
Manchester Airport will often be the most convenient, for its range of flights at competitive prices and good onward transport, see below.

Other airports lie closer but have far fewer flights or onward connections. They do have car hire, which you'll need to explore Lincolnshire beyond the city. They include Leeds-Bradford, East Midlands Airport  near Derby and Humberside (} towards Hull. Doncaster Airport  closed in 2022.

By train
is central on St Mary's St, in the valley at the foot of the old town. It has a staffed ticket office and machines, a cafe, ATM and toilets. There is step-free access to all platforms. Plusbus supplements are available on fares to this station.

LNER trains run every two hours from London King's Cross, taking two hours via Stevenage, Peterborough, Grantham and Newark Northgate. Other slower connections involve changing at Peterborough. From cities to the north (eg York), you usually change at Newark, though two trains a day shortcut cross-country from Doncaster.

Northern trains run hourly from Sheffield, taking 90 min via Worksop, Retford and Gainsborough. From Manchester Airport or Piccadilly, take the Transpennine Express to Sheffield and change.

East Midlands trains trundle across the Midlands hourly from Leicester via Loughborough, Nottingham, Newark Castle (a mile west of Newark Northgate) and Hykeham, and continue from Lincoln to Market Rasen and Grimsby.

You might use Hykeham railway station for the southwest fringe of town, but it's probably easier to continue to Lincoln then get a bus.

By bus
National Express runs twice daily taking 5-6 hours from London Victoria via Nottingham, where you may have to change onto the bus starting from Birmingham. Both services continue to Hull. Megabus doesn't run to Lincoln.

Stagecoach buses converge on the city from across Lincolnshire, for instance from Grimsby, Market Rasen, Louth, Skegness, Horncastle, Sleaford, Grantham, Gainsborough and Scunthorpe.

Lincoln bus station is across the street from the railway station. It's modern, effectively a single corridor: buses to the cathedral area leave from Stands C and D. There's a cafe but more choice in the adjacent streets.

By road
From the south follow A1 to Newark (where the junction is often congested) then A46. This loops north side of Lincoln and continues to Grimsby.

A15 follows the line of the Roman road from Peterborough and Sleaford, looping east side of the city and continuing to Scunthorpe, Humber Bridge and Hull. It's an undivided highway, often arrow-straight so people speed, but with many blind spots and pitfalls.

From the north the usual route is A1 to Markham Moor then A57 and Dunham toll bridge (car 40p). You could also turn onto M62 / M180 east then A15 south.

Don't bring a car into city centre unless you've planned ahead where you're going to park. The multistorey car park north side of the bus station has 1000 spaces and several EV charge points. The Park & Ride is northeast, by the junction of A15 and A46.

Get around
Walk wherever possible. The medieval spine of town isn't suitable for anything more elaborate than a pack-mule or hand-cart. A sightseeing bus circulates in summer.

Stagecoach is the main bus operator but there are ten others. Buses you might use are the 2, 31, 33, 34 south for Bomber Command, 3, 8, 18 for Museum of Lincolnshire Life, and 16, 48, 49, 83 southwest for Hykeham.

The Walk & Ride bus doesn't come into the station, but circles Silver St, the cathedral, Lincoln Hotel, Bailgate, The Lawn, Castle Square, Park St and so back to Silver St. It runs every 20 min.

Car hire is available from Europcar, Hertz, Thrifty and Enterprise

Taxi operators are City Cars (+44 1522 899069), Dan's (+44 7929 633469) and Direct Cars (+44 1522 567567). There's a taxi rank by the railway station.

Hire Bike Lincoln have shared pedal and e-bikes. Casual use is £3 / hour up to 3 hours, or you can register for longer use. They're more useful for the suburbs than exploring the old centre: there are docking stations at Newport Arch and Union St but none just by the castle or cathedral.

See

 * Exchequer Gate is the impressive 14th-century gatehouse by the cathedral west entrance. This was where tenants of church land came to pay rent — lots of them, for it was a big diocese. Their money was counted out on a chequered cloth, and "Exchequer" came to mean the government finance department.
 * Eastgate on the north side of the cathedral led out from the Roman settlement of Lindum Colonia, with a fragment of the 3rd century wall and gatetower visible. Round the corner south, Priory Gate was the cathedral precinct's east entrance, but the present structure is a 19th century replica.
 * Eastgate on the north side of the cathedral led out from the Roman settlement of Lindum Colonia, with a fragment of the 3rd century wall and gatetower visible. Round the corner south, Priory Gate was the cathedral precinct's east entrance, but the present structure is a 19th century replica.
 * Westgate Tower 100 yards north of the castle is not an outlying fortification but a water tower built in 1911. The city water supply obviously needed improving after a typhoid epidemic claimed 113 lives in 1904/05.
 * The Lawn is a Greek-revival building just west of the castle on Union St. It was completed in 1820 as a lunatic asylum for "persons of the superior class who shall contribute to the general expense of the establishment according to their ability..." in which spirit it became an events venue and then the offices of a coffee company. You can still look in on the walled garden in daylight hours but the prize exhibit, the Joseph Banks tropical glasshouse, moved to Woodside Wildlife Park in 2016.
 * Bailgate is the thoroughfare heading north from the city crossroads between cathedral and castle. Circles of stones set in the road mark the foundations of Roman pillars along Ermine Street, and there's an ancient well at the junction with Westgate. Newport Arch is the 3rd century north gate of Roman Lindum. Here you emerge from the traffic restricted area; the route continues north into B1226 and then A15 all the way to the Humber. The Romans crossed by ferry at Winteringham then headed northwest to Eboracum, York.
 * Steep Hill is the well-named street descending south from the city crossroads. It's a delightful cobbled lane lined with old buildings, but cling onto the handrails. Norman House may have belonged to Aaron the financier (1125-1186), who advanced money for many Norman abbeys. Jew's House is late 12th-century Romanesque: it was seized from its Jewish owner during the anti-semitic violence of that century, and is now a restaurant. Jew's Court adjacent is now a bookshop but also hosts the Lincolnshire Synagogue. The descending lane narrows into The Strait, then levels out as High St, pedestrianised but more modern.
 * Temple Gardens is the bosky green space between The Collection and Bishop's Palace.
 * Temple Gardens is the bosky green space between The Collection and Bishop's Palace.
 * or Mere is the marina at the upper limit of navigation on the River Witham, though small craft can continue on the Foss Dyke all the way to the Trent at Torksey, thence to the Humber. Lincoln was a river port even in Roman times, when the Witham flowed into the Wash at Drayton, but in 1014 the estuary was shifted by flooding, and Boston supplanted Lincoln as a port. However the channel was also important for drainage and flood protection of Lincolnshire, and acquired a leash of branch waterways, many navigable by small freight barges. The railway was its commercial death-knell but it was revived by 20th-century leisure boating, and the north wharf of the Pool is lined by bars, restaurants and apartments.
 * High Bridge 100 yards east of the Pool is the picturesque 12th-century bridge (rebuilt in the 16th) carrying High St over the Witham. It's built on with half-timbered shops, and is pedestrianised. It's a charming impediment to navigation and drainage, anything-but-high with normal water levels and impassable in spate.

Further out

 * Museum of RAF Firefighting was also at RAF Scampton until 2017, but put into storage and still seeking a home in 2022.
 * St Peter's (Anglican) 100 yards west of the cottage in Navenby is a mishmash of styles, but parts are 13th century.
 * 3 miles south of Navenby is the tower of a church of 1150. The Preceptory was a base of the Knights Templar until their Order was suppressed in 1312, then passed to the Knights Hospitaller. "Bruer" means heather or heathland, as in French bruyère and Scots "broom".
 * is a tiny village 9 miles east of Lincoln. To its north, the site of Bardney Abbey is just a outline in the fields. Two miles east along B1190, only a single wall remains of Tupholme Abbey.
 * is a wetland and lagoons created from former sand and gravel pits. There's a visitor centre with a cafe and exhibits.
 * is a tiny village 9 miles east of Lincoln. To its north, the site of Bardney Abbey is just a outline in the fields. Two miles east along B1190, only a single wall remains of Tupholme Abbey.
 * is a wetland and lagoons created from former sand and gravel pits. There's a visitor centre with a cafe and exhibits.

Do

 * What's on? Listen to BBC Radio Lincolnshire on 94.9 FM, Lincs FM on 102.2 FM, or Siren on 107.3 FM. Or read Lincolnshire Live (incorporating the Echo) or The Lincolnite.
 * Boat trips ply the Witham and Foss Dyke daily April to Sept, starting from around the Pool. Operators are Lincoln Boat Trips and Oliver Boat Trips. They also offer boat hire.
 * Performing arts: Theatre Royal is on Clasketgate B1308. The university-run Performing Arts Centre is south bank of Brayford Pool. Chapterhouse on Guildhall St is mostly about live music, but also puts on open-air theatre. The Drill is based on Free School Lane. Zest Theatre on Grantham St promotes youth arts.
 * Cinema: Odeon is on Brayford Wharf North, and Everyman is on Sincil St just north of the railway station.
 * Football: Lincoln City FC play soccer in League One, England's third tier. Their stadium (capacity 10,000) is at Sincil Bank, half a mile south of the railway station. They're known as "The Imps" but are not to be confused with Lincoln Red Imps FC, who are based in Gibraltar oddly enough.
 * Golf: the closest course is Carholme GC two miles northwest. Further out are Pottergate GC in Branston, Blankney GC further south, Welton Manor to the northeast, and Lincoln GC northwest at Torksey.
 * Water Rail Way is a long-distance path between Lincoln and Boston. It follows the River Witham and is a former railway trackbed, so it's level and suitable for cycling. Join it on Waterside South, which is south bank of the river but north of Sincil Dyke, so the first few miles to Bardney are on a ribbon of artificial island.
 * Skydive: Skydive Hibaldstow is one of the biggest centres in the UK. It's 25 miles north of town at Hibaldstow DN20 9NN, just off the A15. The usual approach for a beginner is a “tandem” – plunging from 15,000 ft strapped to an instructor, so minimum training and fitness are needed, but you do need decent weather. Email info@skydiving.co.uk or call 01652 848837. There's another big centre to the south at Langar, see Newark.
 * Lincoln Observatory has public viewing nights Nov-March. In summer the evening sky is too bright.
 * Lincolnshire Showground five miles north on A15 hosts regular events. The largest are the Lincolnshire Show in June, and the Food & Gift Fair in November.
 * Imp on the Green is a family-friendly music festival at the Showground at the end of May, with tribute acts rather than famous names. The next is probably Sa 26 May 2024, tbc.
 * Truckfest Lincoln celebrates heavy haulage and monster trucks, at Lincolnshire Showground in May. The next is 4-6 May 2024. Similar events are held at seven other locations across Britain.
 * Christmas Market in December is no longer held.

Buy

 * The main store in town centre is Tesco, a quarter mile south east of the railway station. It has budget fuel and is open M-Sa 6AM-midnight and Su 10AM-4PM.
 * Waterside shopping centre north bank of the river and High Street north to the foot of the hill have the usual retail chains.
 * "Traditional" and giftware shops are up the hill, around the castle and along Bailgate. Farmers Market is held around the castle on the third Saturday of each month.
 * Lincoln central market is south bank of the river, trading M-Sa 9AM-4PM. From 2022 a major re-build will cause some disruption.

Eat

 * Brayford Pool north wharf has a strip of budget chain outlets, such as Nando's, Ask, Wagamama, Prezzo and Zizzi's, and a handful of Chinese.
 * The Ritz is another Wetherspoon on 143 High St just south of the railway station.
 * Clasketgate has a food strip as it intersects High St, with TGI Fridays, Cafe Shanti (vegan), Huckleberry's and Romeo's.
 * Cheese Society at 1 St Martins Lane (a block west of The Strait) has a small licensed cafe but is primarily a cheese shop. Food is served M-Sa 10AM-4PM.
 * High Street and up Steep Hill to the castle has Wildwood, Pizza Express, Slow Rise Pizza, Jew's House (see below), Vine's Bakery, Brown's Pie Shop, Wig & Mitre and Olivares Tapas.
 * Bailgate with Eastgate has Cafe Zoot, Lincoln Grill (in White Hart Hotel), Thailand Number One, Curtis Bakery and Elite on the Bail (seafood).
 * Bailgate with Eastgate has Cafe Zoot, Lincoln Grill (in White Hart Hotel), Thailand Number One, Curtis Bakery and Elite on the Bail (seafood).

Drink

 * Brayford Pool has Horse and Groom, Royal William IV, Square Sail (see Eat), The William Foster, Mailbox and The Dandy Lion.
 * Engine Shed is the biggest music venue in the area. It's on the south wharf of the Pool.
 * Castle area has Magna Carta, Beerheadz, Lion and Snake and Prince of Wales.
 * Sugarcubes is a rock club at the corner of West Parade and Hungate, open F Sa 11PM-3:30AM.
 * Breweries are Poachers at 439 Newark Rd North Hykeham, and Ferry Ales east towards Bardney.
 * Lincolnshire wine is produced on the chalky Wolds. Somerby Vineyards are north at Barnetby and Ovens Farm is towards Skegness.
 * Distilleries: Unconventional Distillery west edge of town makes rum. Lincoln Distillery in Saxilby makes gin.
 * Distilleries: Unconventional Distillery west edge of town makes rum. Lincoln Distillery in Saxilby makes gin.

Connect
Lincoln has 4G from all UK carriers. As of March 2022, 5G has not reached the city.

Go next

 * North of Lincoln the A15 (the Roman road Ermine Street) leads to the Humber Bridge into East Yorkshire. Hull is just across the bridge, and must-see York is another 30-min drive.
 * West of Lincoln beyond the vale of the River Trent lies Sherwood Forest.
 * Old-style beach resorts along the coast are Cleethorpes, Mablethorpe and Skegness.