Limestone Coast

Limestone Coast is a region in South Australia. It is a tourist region and a wine zone.

Cities

 * – just another stopover when going from Melbourne to Adelaide
 * – cave diving capital of Australia, and South Australia's second largest city, just after Adelaide
 * – near the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Naracoorte Caves National Park
 * – not known for robes but rather its coastline

Other destinations

 * – where the limestone cliffs of the Limestone Coast are
 * – UNESCO World Heritage Site home to some of the largest collections of mammalian fossils, most which are not seen anywhere outside Australia or New Guinea

History
From the Victoria border to the Younghusband Peninsula this area has been settled since colonisation by mainly European settlers in the 1840s, displacing an indigenous population that had resided in the region for thousands of years. The region supports farming, viticulture, forestry and tourism. Towns include Bordertown, Keith, Millicent, Mount Gambier, Penola, and Naracoorte and the coastal resorts of Beachport, Kingston SE and Robe.

Geography
Much of the Limestone Coast is low-lying, and was inundated by sea as recently as 2 million years ago. It had previously also been flooded 15–20 million years ago. The plains are lined by rows of low sandhills parallel to the coast, created at times when the coastline was at that level. Prior to European settlement, much of the land between the sandhills was swamp fed by streams and subject to inundation. A network of drains totalling 1450 km has been constructed to channel the water away through the sandhills to the ocean. Important areas of wetland remain including the lakes and lagoons such as the southern end of the Coorong and Bool Lagoon. Meanwhile, areas of upland in the Limestone Coast include the volcanic craters of Mount Gambier.

Climate
The Mediterranean climate of this coast is cool and moist with wet winters. Generally the only times where it may be considered as "cold" is during a cold-front which happens quite often in winter.

By car
The primary way to get into the is by car from the state's capital; Adelaide is via a 4 hour drive South East via the Overland travel between Melbourne and Adelaide South Eastern Freeway and the Overland travel between Melbourne and Adelaide Dukes Highway. To get to Mt. Gambier, you'd then have to take the A66 route down south.

By bus
From Adelaide, bus tickets for Adelaide can be purchased at the Sir Robert Helpmann Theatre (cash or cheque only) to Mount Gambier. The bus service from Adelaide is run by Premier Stateliner. It can be just as easy to make a phone booking with Premier Stateliner. Thursdays and Fridays you can get from Adelaide to Mt Gambier at 8:15AM or 5:30PM. Sundays the bus leaves Adelaide at 2:45PM. Other days the service leaves at 8:15AM. The bus trip takes about six hours.

By train
From Melbourne, the V-Line service runs Melbourne to Warrnambool on the train, then from Warrnambool to Mt Gambier as a coach service (it also goes via Portland). V-Line services from Mt Gambier are "no reserve", you pay the driver on the day — bring exact change. V-Line services are generally not busy except during school holidays. They run once a day. From Mount Gambier, the coach does go for a little bit around but apart from going to Mount Gambier, there is no other train stations elsewhere.

See
The Limestone Coast is home to South Australia's one and only UNESCO World Heritage Site, Naracoorte Caves National Park full of mammalian fossils which contain the fossils of enormous extinct Australian megafauna such as the marsupial lion, giant kangaroo as well as, which may sound creepy to some; five-metre-long snakes. This was because over the last couple of million years ago, geological processes brought sand and soil into the caves creating thick sedimentary deposits which preserved the remains of the animal living in and around the caves at the time. Up to 20 species of megafauna are preserved at a remarkable level across multiple caves, which all of these make the site is one of the jewels in Australian paleontology.

Do

 * Cave diving — The part of the region around and including the City of Mount Gambier is famous for its sinkholes and water-filled caves. Extraordinary dives take place in some of these sinkholes but if you intend to do this, make sure you are appropriately trained as this activity has claimed lives in the past.  Refer to Diving in South Australia for more information.

Coonawarra
Coonawarra, a rural locality on the is synonymous with Cabernet Sauvignon, full of plum and blackcurrant fruit, so much so that successes with other grape varieties is overlooked. In the early days Shiraz was the most widely planted grape, and it produces some star wines such as Wynns Coonawarra Estate Michael Shiraz (formerly Michael Hermitage). The limestone geology also suits Chardonnay, Riesling, and Sauvignon blanc.

Coonawarra has a membership organisation for wineries, the Coonawarra Vignerons Association. Some of the wineries with cellar doors include Wynns Coonawarra Estate. Other wineries who use fruit from the Coonawarra include Yalumba and Penfolds.

Stay safe
Crime isn't generally a problem in the, and following the normal protocols for what you would normally be doing elsewhere would just do you fine.

As a relatively homogeneous part of Australia, xenophobia exists in the Limestone Coast, though as a tourist, your chances of encountering overt racism are slim.

Go next

 * Head southeast to the South West Coast of Victoria, or east to the Wimmera region of Victoria
 * Head northwest to the Murray & Mallee region of South Australia