Laguna San Rafael National Park

Laguna San Rafael National Park is a national park on the Pacific coast of Patagonia in Chile. It covers an area of 17,420 km² (6,726 sq mi) and includes the Northern Patagonian Ice Field. A fjord more than 16 km (10 mi) long is one of the park's principal attractions.

Understand
The park is named for the San Rafael Lagoon formed by the retreat of the San Rafael Glacier. It was created in 1959.

History
Non-indigenous people first explored the area of Laguna San Rafael in the year 1675. The glacier of the same name was a land-terminating glacier during that time. It probably reached again the lagoon at some time between 1741 and 1766, and it has been a tidewater glacier since that date.

The park was designated a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1979.

Landscape
The park comprises some of the higher Andes mountains of Patagonia, such as the Monte San Valentín, Cerro Arenales, Cerro Hyades and Cerro Pared Norte.

This park contains a number of rivers. San Tadeo River is located in the Isthmus of Ofqui and flows into San Quintín Bay in the north part of the Gulf of Penas. Also there are various rivers bordering the park, such as the Baker River and the Exploradores River. Témpanos River (not really a river) connects San Rafael Lagoon with the Gulf Elefantes, the southern part of Moraleda Channel.

Presidente Ríos Lake spans the border between the park and Las Guaitecas National Reserve.

Flora and fauna
Several species of birds find shelter in the park, including black-browed albatrosses, great grebes, black-necked swans and cormorants. The wildlife in this area also include Chilean dolphins, sea lions, marine otters and elephant seals.

Climate
San Rafael Glacier retreat (foreground) between 1990 and 2000. Average annual rainfall at Cabo Raper (lat 46°50' S), on the open coast of the Taitao Peninsula, is about 2,000 mm (79 in). Going eastward, the amount of precipitation increases in the sheltered areas of the Chilean Inside Passage, being similar to that of Los Lagos Region. The average annual precipitation recorded between 1981 and 1985 at Laguna San Rafael weather station (lat 46°37' S) was 4,440 mm (175 in). At higher elevations, the precipitation increase is significant and is in the form of snow on the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, being recorded over 6,000 mm (240 in) of annual precipitation.

Get in
By air or by sea. A road from Puerto Rio Tranquilo is under construction.

Starting points for tours in the national park are:
 * Puerto Río Tranquilo: into the valley "Exploradores" and to the glacier of the same name, as well as to the "Bahia Exploradores"
 * Caleta Tortel: boat tours to the Steffens Glacier in the very south of the park
 * Puerto Aysén: port city from which tours to the most famous Laguna San Rafael are offered

Fees and permits
As of May 2021:
 * Chileans: adult ; youth 12-17 or disabled adult ; senior, child or disabled youth free.
 * Foreigners: adult, youth 12-17 , child free.
 * Guided tour and 1-hour navigation available

Get around
The park has no infrastructure: the best way to explore it is by hiking or boat tours.

Do
Navigation, fishing, excursion, observing flora and fauna, photography and mountaineering.

Buy, eat, drink, sleep
You're on your own.