Hoge Veluwe National Park

Hoge Veluwe National Park (Dutch: Hoge Veluwe Nationaal Park) is a national park in the Gelderland province of the Netherlands. With an area of roughly 55 km², it is one of the largest national parks in the country and a popular short-stay tourist destination for the Dutch. The park is north of Arnhem and east of Ede, and is praised for its natural beauty, diverse wildlife and the Kröller Müller museum for modern arts.

Understand
Hoge Veluwe National Park is part of a much larger natural area called the Veluwe (1,100 km²). Tourism plays a major role in the whole of the Veluwe and is the most important source of income for the area. With hundreds of lodging options, many restaurants and a lot of sports activities, the region is extremely well equipped to cater to the traveller’s needs. The Hoge Veluwe National Park has a few options for eating and sleeping, but can get crowded, especially during summer and on weekends or other school holidays if the weather is good for hiking and biking. The park is maintained by a non-profit foundation and it's the only part of the Veluwe for which an entry fee is required.

History
The Veluwe as a whole was formed some 150,000 years ago, when thick glaciers pushed sands from the Meuse and Rhine delta aside, thereby creating the hills that are now characteristic for the area. The sandy structure of the hills causes rain water to soak in quickly, only to emerge on the surface again many metres below, where it forms streams and small lakes in the "valleys" and flat lands.

Efforts have been undertaken to restore the richly vegetated and game filled wetlands that used to surround the area but have been laid dry over the past 150 years to create better farmlands.

The Hoge Veluwe National Park was established by the wealthy businessman Anton Kröller and his wife, Helene Kröller-Müller, who was an art collector. Anton Kruller bought the estate in 1909 and started the construction of the current park by placing fences, building a hunting estate (the design for which was made by famous Dutch architect Berlage) and releasing additional game into the wild. The exotic moeflons that can still be seen today were introduced in this period. The construction of the park lasted until 1923.

Landscape
The Veluwe is famous for its diversity in natural landscapes and (for Dutch standards) partly rolling landscapes. Although most of the land is flat, it has subtle variations in small areas, with the highest point at 110 m. It's a forest-rich area, but there are large heaths, streams and small lakes as well. In the desert patches you'll find sand drifts that are among the largest ones in Europe.

Flora and fauna
The park is mostly covered by pristine vegetation, most of which consists of various conifers, shrub and grassland with a large variation of flowers. A good number of rare plants are found here as well as introduced exotic plants like American Oaks. When it comes to wildlife, there is, by Dutch standards, a broad variety of larger mammals. Commonly sighted are deer, roes, mouflon wild sheep and wild boar. Bird watchers will be pleased with their diversity and the park is home to lots of rabbits, foxes, badgers and other small mammals.

In order to maintain a naturally sustainable population in this fenced environment, a controlled annual hunt is a normal practice.



Get in
There are three entrances: from the direction of Arnhem (entrance at Schaarsbergen) on the N311, from Otterlo or Hoenderloo on the N304 or N310 or from Delen.

Hoenderloo
can be reached directly from Apeldoorn via the N304, followed by the N804 once the road take a semi-sharp turn to the right. Shortly after you will see the Hoenderloo entrance on your right. The N304 connects to the A1, which may be one of the most important highways of the country, at exit 19 (Hoenderloo). The N804 also connects near Arnhem in between Schaarsbergen and the A50.

Hoendeloo can also be reached by bus using line 108 from the Ede-Wageningen railway station, connecting to the Hoendeloo Centrum bus stop. From here, a bus runs to another entrance at Otterlo every hour. Looking down the street you're on, you should see the National Park Hoge Veluwe west from you.

Otterlo
can be reached via car using the N310 when coming from Arnhem or the N304 when coming from Ede or Apeldoorn. When using the N304, take the roundabout into town as soon as you've reached Otterlo (which can be achieved by following signposts to Ede or Apeldoorn, depending from where you're travelling). Once in town, take a left onto the Dorpsstraat, which will continue to the entry point of Otterlo.

When using the N310 coming from Arnhem, first use the N224 to get out of town, then, shortly before passing underneath the A50 highway, signs will direct you onto the N310. After crossing the A12 the N310 will seem to come to an end, instead, follow directions to Otterlo, turning left. This too will get you to Otterlo directly, and once in the centre of town, turn right onto the Dorpsstraat, which will get you to the entrance.

Otterlo can also be reached by buses. First take bus 105 running between Arnhem and Barneveld and get off the bus at Otterlo Centrum. From here you can either walk for some 15 minutes down the Dorpsstraat or wait for the next bus on line 106 to get you two stops further to the entrance of the National Park.

Schaarsbergen
can be reached by car via the A12 highway just north of Arnhem. Coming from the west, using exit 25 (Oosterbeek) is advised. From here, drive to Arnhem, turning onto the first major road on your left, the N310. This road will end shortly thereafter, at which point you should turn right onto the N311, which passes by the Schaarsbergen entrance. The entrance can be seen on your left just before the first roundabout.

From the east and north, use the complex of exit ramps around Knooppunt Waterberg (Waterberg Interchange). These exits are numbers 26 (A12, Arnhem-Noord) and 19 (A50, Schaarsbergen). In the case of exit 26, head north away from Arnhem, turning left onto the N311 where said road passes over the A50. After you will find the Schaarsbergen entrance on your right.

Schaarsbergen can be reached via public transit using bus line 9, running between Arnhem Centraal, Arnhem's main train station, and Schaarsbergen I.P.C.

Fees and permits
Entrance costs €9.30 for adults and €4.65 for kids (6-12 years old) and comes with free use of bicycles all over the park, which are a must-use should you wish to explore as much of the park as possible within a day. It is recommended that you don't bring a car into the park, but doing so isn't forbidden and possible for a fee of €6.60, while parking at one of the parkings at the park entrances costs half of that (€3.30).

Should you wish to also visit the Kröller-Müller museum, then you can combine your tickets into one, buying entry to both the park and the museum for €18.60 for adults and €5 for kids between the ages of six and twelve.

As the fenced park lies quite centrally in the natural areas of the Veluwe, bikers and hikers will sometimes have to either enter the park or make serious detours. To accommodate their needs, a reduced fee is available for those who only want to pass through the park.

Get around
Cars are allowed in the park on the few main roads, but most paths can only be used by bicycles and on foot. Walking is an option if you only want to cover a small part of the park as it is not allowed to camp in the area. There is a nature camping within the park. Bikes are available for free from the visitors centre, if you don't have your own. Maps and routes are plentiful and are available from the visitors centre too.

See
Besides the exciting landscape, visitors are advised to visit the collections of paintings and sculptures of the famous Kröller-Müller Museum, and the St. Hubert Hunting Lodge (Jachthuis St. Hubertus) in the northern part of the park.



Do
There is a visitors' centre (Bezoekerscentrum Museonder) near the Museum with a fine display of the local flora and fauna, the water systems of the park and other information, food stalls and playgrounds for children.

Hiking is very popular. A number of marked routes are available, with different lengths starting from 3.5 km. All are designed to maximise specific experiences, such as sighting game, panoramic views or seeing the goldcrests and migration of toads. Furthermore, there are four theme-based routes for which leaflets with information can be obtained from the visitors centre for €1. Other possibilities are guided walks with a nature guide (book well ahead) or GPS-routes (€10 for half a day), all starting at the visitors centre. Reservations for a guide or GPS can be made well in advance via reserveringen@hogeveluwe.nl.

Buy
The visitors centre houses a shop where you'll find honey from the park's bee population, a range of local products, park souvenirs, books, sweets, wooden toys and cloths. The Kröller-Müller museum has a museum shop, with relevant books, CDs, and other museum and art-related products.

Eat
There are a few options for lunch, snacks and drinks in the park. However, you'll have to take dinner elsewhere as these places close in the late afternoon.

Sleep
Your only option to sleep inside the park is at the natural campsite. Although there are usually enough places available, it might be full during the most popular weekends, such as Easter or for Pentecost. Reservations and even inquiries ahead are not possible. Nevertheless, if you can't stay inside the park, there are numerous options in the surrounding region, as the Veluwe are as a whole has over 500 lodging options. Nearby villages of Hoenderloo, Otterlo and Schaarsbergen have lots of camp sites. Apeldoorn, Ede or Arnhem have a good number of options if you're looking for a hotel.

Stay safe
Do not approach wild boar, since they can be aggressive towards humans when they have piglets.

Go next
Nearby destinations include:
 * Arnhem
 * Ede
 * Apeldoorn
 * Barneveld
 * Wageningen