Hecelchakán

Hecelchakán is a small city of about 10,000 people (2010) in the state of Campeche in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. A historically Maya area with an interesting colonial past, several less-known archaeological sites are close by. The city is a good base for nature trips (particularly birdwatching) to the Petenes Biosphere Reserve and the Ria Celestun Biosphere Reserve.

Understand
Hecelchakán was a small Mayan settlement at the time the Spanish conquistadors arrived in the 16th century. The Franciscan missionaries established the town's first church in the latter half of the 1500s and the town grew slowly since then. It was the site of battles between federal troops and local Mayans during the Caste Wars following Mexico's War of Independence. It seems the Mayans didn't like being turned into slaves in all but name by wealthy outsiders who were "given" lands by the corrupt federal government. Federal troops put down the Mayans, but ignored their greivances, ensuring that tempers would boil again, as they did during the Mexican Revolution when land reform became a huge issue and battles against federal troops in the Yucatan were not favorable to Diaz and his cronies.

Get in
The nearest commercial airport is in Campeche. Merida is about 3 hours away. The largest airport in the region, with the widest range of international flights, is Cancún International Airport.

By combi
Combis are used extensively in Campeche and go between the city of Campeche and Hecelchakán every 15 minutes during the day (last combi leaves Campeche at 20:00). The fare is M$40 for the 1-hour trip.

By bus
From the bus station in Campeche, you can take buses operated by Autobuses Sur Mexico or Autobuses ATS. Choose whichever company has the next bus leaving. Both have tickets starting at M$20 for the 1-hour trip.

The bus from Merida takes about 3 hours with tickets priced starting at M$80. Buses are operated by Autobuses ATS, Autobuses Sur Mexico, and Autobuses TRT.

By train
Hecelchakán is a station for the new Tren Maya intercity railway that loops through the five states of the Yucatan Peninsula. Hecelchakán lies between Merida and Campeche. The train can be a comfortable, fast, affordable way for travelers arriving at Cancún International Airport to reach Hecelchakán.



Get around
Hecelchakán is a small, compact city with most touristic sites within easy walking distance of each other. Just about every street is a numbered calle: even numbers run north-south, odd numbers run east-west.

Moto-taxis buzz around town and are a cheap and fun way to get from place to place. Regular taxis are mostly small Nissans and are best for further destinations, day-trip tours, or traveling as a group (a taxi sitio is at the corner of Calle 20 and Calle 21). Combis are common in this region and are a good way to get to nearby towns. Combis can be found on Calle 20 near the Zocalo (look for the large white vans with red graphics on the side), or you can wait at pick-up points on Calle 20 (ask locals where the combi picks up, if you're unsure).

Archaeological explorations
Several known Maya sites are within a few kilometers of the town of Hecelchakán. Most are small sites that have not been explored, documented, or developed for tourism. Local guides may be able to take you to these. Sites include Xcalachetzimin, Haltunchen, and Xcombek. There is one good-size site of cultural significance that is managed by INAH and is open to tourists:



Nature trips
Naturalists will want to explore the wetlands to the west and north of Hecelchakan, particularly Los Petenes Biosphere Reserve and Ria Celestun Biosphere Reserve, which are adjacent to each other and protect a long stretch of coastline on the Gulf of Mexico. Both are UNESCO Biosphere Reserves and Ramsar wetlands.

Birdwatching is especially rewarding in these two natural areas. More than 300 avian species inhabit the coastal wetlands, most as permanent inhabitants, but about a third as migratory species spotted only at certain times of the year. The Ria Celestun reserve is famous for its large breeding colonies of pink flamingos. Both reserves have a large number of wetland birds including herons, gulls and ducks. A number of migratory waterfowl from Canada and the United States migrate to these reserves for the winter months.

The landscape of the two reserves is mostly mangrove swamps and marshes with areas of dense rainforest. The swamps are inhabited by crocodiles and the land masses by a number of reptiles (particularly snakes) and mammals. Several species of large cat (including jaguars) live in the jungle, but are seldom seen by visitors. Monkeys and sloths live in the trees while coatis and other small mammals roam the land.

Botanists come to the area to see the petenes, which are small floating islands of vegetation, mostly in spring-fed pools and sometimes in cenotes. The petenes host plant species that are unique to the Yucatan Peninsula.

Getting into these areas can be difficult because both have very limited access (by intent). Although Los Petenes is physically very close to Hecelchakán, there's no real road into the area, although local guides can be hired who will get you there. The Ria Celestun Biosphere Reserve can be explored by boats from the town of Celestún.

Festivals

 * Fiesta del Señor de la Salud - mid-April, celebrated with traditional bullfights, regional music and dance, a midway with rides and games, and regional food and drink
 * Fiesta San Francisco de Asis - the town's patron saint is honored with a festival in June featuring different daily events throughout the week and culminating in a special mass on Sunday with fireworks at night
 * Day of the Dead - celebrated October 31-November 1, as in other parts of Mexico, ofrendas are constructed to share with family spirits. Locally, it is customary to prepare a regional dish called pibipollo, which is a kind of cake made of maize with shredded pork and/or chicken

Eat
There are not many restaurants in Hecelchakán, and only a few street food stands. There are a couple pizzaerias in town (Kupo's Pizza and Pizzeria Hermanos (PH)). The best option for breakfast is to go to the mercado.



Drink
Beer is served in most restaurants and sold to go in all grocery and convenience stores. Keep an eye open for honey flavored liquors. Bee keeping is an ancient Mayan tradition and there are several regional alcoholic beverages made with local honey.

Sleep
Hecelchakan has an under-developed tourism infrastructure with few hotels (and of poor quality, even for backpackers) but is expected to grow now that the Tren Maya is operating with a station in town.





Connect
Cell reception is 4G and dependable in town and on highways between Merida and Campeche, but you'll lose bars as you head into the more rural areas and will find zones of no reception at all in the jungles and swamps of the Petenes Biosphere Reserve. (Monkeys only have old cell phones they've managed to steal and are not demanding customers). WiFi is available in hotels and restaurants in the area.

Go next

 * Calkini
 * Campeche
 * Celestún