Halifax (England)

Halifax is a large market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of around 90,000 in 2021. It is well known as a centre of England's woollen manufacture from the 15th century onward, which dealt through the Halifax Piece Hall. It is internationally famous for its Mackintosh chocolate and toffee (now owned by Nestlé), the Halifax Bank, Halifax RLFC, The Gibbet and Shibden Hall.

History
Halifax Parish Church, parts of which go back to the 12th century, has always been dedicated to St John the Baptist. The church's first organist, in 1765, was William Herschel, who went on to discover the planet Uranus.The coat of arms of Halifax include the chequers from the original coat of arms of the Earls Warenne, who held the town during Norman times. Halifax was also notorious for the 'Halifax Gibbet', an early form of the guillotine used to execute criminals by decapitation, it was last used in 1650. A replica of the gibbet has been erected on the original site in Gibbet Street. The original gibbet blade is on display at Bankfield Museum, Halifax. Punishment in Halifax was notoriously harsh, as remembered in the Beggar's Litany by John Taylor (1580–1654), a prayer whose text included "From Hull, from Halifax, from Hell, ‘tis thus, From all these three, Good Lord deliver us." Daniel Defoe was also famous resident of Halifax.

Economy
As well as the significance of the Halifax Building Society (which merged with the Bank of Scotland in 2001), the town has associations with confectionery. John Mackintosh and his wife, Violet, opened a toffee shop in King Cross Lane in 1890. Violet formulated the toffee's recipe. John became known as 'The Toffee King'. A factory was opened on Queens Road in 1898. A new factory at Albion Mill, at the current site near the railway station, opened in 1909. John died in 1920, and his son Harold continued the business and took it to the present size and range of confectionery it has today. Their famous brands, including Rolo, Toffee Crisp and Quality Street of chocolate and confectionery are popular in the UK, and around the world. It was merged with Rowntree in 1969, which was then bought by Nestlé in 1988.

Halifax was a busy heavy industrial town dealing in and producing wool, carpets, machine tools, and beer. The Crossley family began carpet manufacture in modest premises at Dean Clough, on the banks of the Hebble Brook. The family was philanthropic and Joseph and Sir Francis Crossley built and endowed Almshouses for their workers, which exist to this day and are run by volunteer trustees.

Get in
Halifax is in the south-eastern corner of the moorland region called the South Pennines. Halifax is about 4 miles (6.4 km) from the M62 motorway close to Bradford, Huddersfield and Rochdale.

By plane

 * Leeds/Bradford International Airport . This is the nearest airport, by road. It can be reached by taking a train to Leeds and then a bus to the airport departing from the train station. The number of flights from Leeds Bradford airport continues to increase.
 * Manchester Airport . This airport is the easiest and quickest to access. It is the UK's busiest airport, outside London, with many European and inter-continental flights. There is a rail station within the airport complex, with services running through Huddersfield to Newcastle, at least half-hourly throughout the day (see by train below).

By train
is on the Caldervale Line, with links to Manchester Victoria, York via Bradford and Leeds, Blackpool North and via Brighouse to Huddersfield and Wakefield Westgate. All services are operated by Northern.

By car
Halifax is well served by the M62. Junction 24 is the best and fastest way to reach Halifax from the M62

Get around
First Calderdale & Huddersfield operate most bus services in Halifax, while Arriva operate services that link Halifax with Dewsbury and Wakefield. Halifax is well connected to Huddersfield and the nearby cities of Bradford and Leeds with the First services 503, 508 and 576, serving these destinations every 10–20 minutes during Monday to Saturday daytimes. First also run services into other counties, including 528 to Rochdale via Ripponden and Littleborough, 590 to Rochdale via Todmorden and Littleborough and 592 to Burnley via Todmorden.

West Yorkshire Metro provide operator independent information about local public transport including travel passes

See




Do

 * Rugby League: Halifax Panthers are among the 13-a-side game's founders, breaking away from Rugby Union in 1895. The Rugby League season is March-Sept and Panthers play in the Championship, the games' second tier. Their home ground is The Shay, capacity 14,000, along A629 near the railway station east side of town.
 * Football (Soccer): FC Halifax Town play in the National League, that game's fifth tier, and they too play at The Shay. They're the successor club to Halifax Town, which went bust in 2008.
 * Halifax Traditions Festival, Town Centre. Annual, last weekend of September.
 * Rugby League: Halifax Panthers are among the 13-a-side game's founders, breaking away from Rugby Union in 1895. The Rugby League season is March-Sept and Panthers play in the Championship, the games' second tier. Their home ground is The Shay, capacity 14,000, along A629 near the railway station east side of town.
 * Football (Soccer): FC Halifax Town play in the National League, that game's fifth tier, and they too play at The Shay. They're the successor club to Halifax Town, which went bust in 2008.
 * Halifax Traditions Festival, Town Centre. Annual, last weekend of September.

Drink
Halifax town centre has a huge selection of bars, traditional pubs and late night venues, many of which are situated literally within yards of each other.



Go next

 * Huddersfield
 * Bradford
 * Leeds is about 40 minutes away by train