Goths

The Goths were a nomadic East Germanic people known for its raids and battles against the Roman Empire in the 4th and 5th centuries. They played a pivotal role in the downfall of the Western Roman Empire.

Understand
The origin of the Goths is still unclear. Most believe that their homeland was in Southern Scandinavia, possibly the region of Götaland, or the island of Gotland. The Germanic tribes had a continuious interchange across the Baltic Sea, but the hypothesis that a Gothic tribe migrated from Scandinavia to Central Europe has yet to find evidence; see Vikings and the Old Norse for context. It seems that by the middle of the 2nd century, the Goths had settled near the Danube River and Black Sea in Central and South-eastern Europe. During the late 4th century, an onslaught by the Huns into their territory compelled the Goths to move west and invade the Roman Empire. At this point, the Goths were split into two major groups: the Visigoths (Goths of the west) and the Ostrogoths (Goths of the east). There was also a smaller group called the Crimean Goths, based in Crimea, whose culture and language survived well into the Middle Ages.

The Vandals were another Germanic tribe which took part in the sacking of Rome. Some of them settled in northern Africa.

The Goths ruled much of Iberia until the Moors took the region in 711.

Legacy
The Goths had a legendary impact on Europe as the destroyers of Rome: Gothic architecture was a derogatory term for an architectural style perceived as "barbaric", though it had no actual connections to the Goths. Gothic fiction is a 19th to 20th century term for horror fiction.

Scholars of the Swedish Empire imagined the Goths as a glorious tribe, and founders of Sweden. Modern scholars have a more critical view, which recognizes the Goths' possible Scandinavian origin, with less romanticism.