Colombia to Patagonia overland

Colombia to Patagonia overland is an epic continental journey along the Andes across South America. This route starts from the sunny beaches of the Caribbean and crosses Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina before terminating on the icy shores of the Antarctic Ocean. Crossing 6 countries, spanning over 10,000 km, this is one of the ultimate overland journeys in the world.

Understand
This trip can be divided into three similar-sized segments each with its own characteristic.


 * Cartagena to Lima (4000 km): Tropical highland and rainforest (humid and warm to hot all year around)
 * Lima to Santiago (3800 km): Altiplano and Atacama Desert (extremely dry and large day/night temperature variations)
 * Santiago to Patagonia (3400 km taking RN40): Temperate to sub-arctic (pleasant marine climate)

Bus classes
Although it is entirely possible to do the entire journey in chicken buses, it is the balance of cost and comfort that makes overlanding fun. To the purpose, long distance buses fall under 3 general comfort levels: Semicama, Cama, and Cama Suite. These names tend to shift from country to country.



Language
Spanish is the official language in all countries on this trip. Various indigenous American languages such as Quechua are also spoken in some areas, especially of Bolivia and Peru. Speakers of those languages may not be bilingual with Spanish.

Climate
Climate along the Pacific coast is mainly affected by latitude with the temperature getting colder the further south you go. Colombia and Equador are tropical. Once into Peru, the humidity starts to decline. South of Lima, the environment becomes very arid. The Atacama Desert, known as the driest place in the world, lies in Southern Peru and Northern Chile. Around Santiago desert gives way to subtropical rainforests. In Patagonia, climate gradually shifts from temperate to sub-polar, with evergreens gradually dominating the landscape.

In the Andes, altitude matters more than latitude. The rule of thumb is that temperature decreases by 6°C for every 1,000-m gain in elevation. The central portion of the trip in Peru and Bolivia crosses the Altiplano, where altitude hovers around 4,000 m. Daytime temperature is pleasant while nights can be freezing.

Prepare
Dress in layers to adapt to the diverse climates you will encounter along this trip. Start with T-shirts, bring a fleece or down sweater for the cold, and cover it all up with a water proof outer shell. Be sure to bring comfortable shoes/boots for the plenty of hiking opportunities you will encounter. Wear comfortable (loose or stretch) pants on the long distance buses.

By plane
Bogota, Lima and Santiago are the principal airports for those flying in from outside of South America.

Quito, Medellin and Cusco are more useful for those flying within South America.

In Northern Patagonia, Puerto Montt and San Carlos de Bariloche are good entry points, while in Southern Patagonia, El Calafate, Punta Arenas, Rio Grande and Ushuaia are exit points.

Uyuni has an airport for those unwilling to endure the hardship of Bolivian roads.

By boat
Cartagena is the principal port between Colombia and Panama. This is the only way to cross the inaccessible Darien Gap without flying.

It is also possible to arrive by Voyaging along the Amazon River. Starting from Belem take a ferry to Manaus (5 days) then change ferry to Iquitos (5 days). Once at Iquitos, three options existː Yurimaguas (2½ days), Pucallpa (4 days) and Coca (8 days). All three cities have motorable roads to the west of the Andes.

By bus
Since every major city west of the Andes has been covered in the Routes section below, the only remaining starting points lie far beyond the Andes on the eastern Atlantic coast. These bus rides are epic journeys in and of themselves.

From Sao Paulo, Ormeño runs a bus to Lima on the Interoceanic Highway (108 hours). Get off at Cusco to save 21 hours.

From Buenos Aires, buses to Lima (72 hours), Santiago (19-20 hours), Bariloche (20-23 hours) and Rio Gallegos (36 hours).

Colombia

 * Cartagena to Medellin or Bogota is a long bus ride. Stop by the quaint town of Santa Cruz de Mompox immortalized by the great Latin American novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez in his book The General in His Labyrinth. The town is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


 * Day trip to climb El Peñón de Guatapé
 * Medellin to Bogotá


 * Bogota to Cali


 * Pasto to Ipiales

Ecuador
Tulcán is a border town. Be careful with money changers as some may be crooks. In Quito you can go to the historical old town or take a day trip to go horseback riding at the Mount Cotopaxi volcano.
 * Tulcán to Quito (5 hours)
 * Quito to Cuenca
 * Cuenca to Loja
 * Loja to Piura

Peru

 * Piura to Trujillo (6 hours)
 * at Trujillo

is a sizable city to stop at in northern Peru. Near by are many sites of interest: Chan Chan (adobe constructed by Chimú), Huacas del Sol y de la Luna (largest adobe pyramid constructed by Moche).

Trujillo to Lima takes 9 hours.


 * Lima to Cusco land route contains some of the best scenery in Peru, but if you are in a hurry, there are direct buses from Lima to Cuzco (22 hours)
 * Lima to Paracas (3½ hours) - Spend the night in Ica or Huacachina
 * Paracas to Ica/Huacachina (1 hour) - There is a direct backpacker bus (Peru Hop) from Paracas to Huacachina leaving around 11:00. Otherwise, take a bus to Ica first then take a taxi from Ica to Huacachina. Huacachina is an oasis surrounded by tall dunes. It is a popular with backpackers. If you are tired from overlanding, this is a good stop.

Rather rundown but near the famous the Nazca lines. Avoid a scam hostel run by an obese man. This hostel goes by the name "Loki" (not affiliated with the famous Loki hostel chain). The hostel name changes every few years because of online feedback. Avoid him and his over priced tours as travellers have reported unwanted sexual advances by this man.
 * Ica to Nazca (3 hours)
 * Nazca to Arequipa (9 hr 30 min bus)


 * Arequipa to Cusco (9 hours)


 * Cuzco to Puno (7 - 8 hours)


 * Cruise Lake Titicaca


 * Puno to Desaguadero (a border town)

Bolivia

 * Desaguadero to La Paz
 * Tiwanaku (Gate of the Sun)
 * Isla del Sol
 * La Paz via Oruro to Uyuni
 * Possible detour to Potosí

From here it is a 3-day jeep ride to San Pedro de Atacama.

First day you will be traveling on the salt flat and spend the night in San Juan. The sights are the cactus island, and the famous train graveyard.

Second day you will be traveling parallel along the Chilean border through Desierto de Siloli and spend the night by Laguna Colorada. The major sights are Laguna Hedionda and the Árbol de Piedra.

Third day you will be traveling in the Eduardo Avaroa National Reserve before crossing the border to Chile at Hito Cajon. The major sights are Sol de Mañana, Termas de Polques hot springs and Laguna Verde.

Chile

 * Calama


 * Possible detour to Pampa del Tamarugal
 * Antofagasta to Santiago - long bus ride on Highway 5


 * Santiago to Puerto Montt take 12 hours. Valdivia or Frutillar are good stop overs to break up the journey.



Patagonia

 * Due to the difficulty of the terrain and the amorphous nature of the southern Chile-Argentina border, traveling overland in Patagonia requires at least 1 border crossing.

Northern Patagonia (Chile option)
The starting point here is the port city of. From here, 2 options exist:

1. Take the Navimag ferry to (USD400 4 days/3 nights). This is the most straight forward option. The ferry travels through Chilean fjords en route. Puerto Natales is close to Torres del Paine. You will see the Southern Patagonia sights in the reverse order (south to north) as they are listed. 2. Overland on the Carretera Austral (Southern Road) to This is the more difficult option. Most of trip will be on pot-holed roads with occasional ferry crossings. Towns are few in number and far in between. Taking this road all the way down will arrive at Villa O'Higgins. From there on it is a ferry ride across the border on Lago San Martin. From there on is a 20-km hike until Laguna del Desierto. Taking another ferry across the lake will get you to a road that leads to El Chaltén.

Northern Patagonia (Argentina option)
The starting point here is the beautiful mountain resort town of


 * Arriving from Puerto Montt or Puerto Varas takes 4 hours by bus or 1-2 days by ferry/bus combination.


 * Arriving from Buenos Aires takes 21 hours by bus.

Linger a few days at Bariloche before heading south on the famous Ruta 40 (RN40) to El Chaltén (24 hours in a cramped mini bus).

Southern Patagonia (Chile and Argentina)
The three big ticket sights starting from north to south are:

Tierra del Fuego
For those who seek to go as far south as possible. There are 3 destinations from north to south:

From Punta Arenas, take a 30-hour ferry to Ushuaia.

Alternatively, there are bus connecting Puerto Natales and Rio Gallegos with Rio Grande. From Rio Grande there is another bus to Ushuaia.

Stay safe
Even through violence in Colombia has greatly subsided since the 2016 peace agreement, the section between Cali to Pasto (Mojarras) is not very safe. Avoid night buses or even being outside at night.

Go next
The only land further south is Antarctica.

Alternative ways back

 * Head to Rio Gallegos for a 36-hour (Cama Suite) bus ride north to Buenos Aires. From Buenos Aires, head further north to visit Iguaçu Falls. Continue to São Paulo, then take 108-hour bus across the Amazon to Lima.
 * Buenos Aires to Machu Picchu overland