Campbellton

Campbellton is a city of 6,900 people (2016) on the Acadian Coast of New Brunswick; it is joined by an interprovincial bridge to Pointe-à-la-Croix, Québec, about 2 kilometres away.

Understand
The Acadian Coast extends eastward from Campbellton/Pointe-à-la-Croix along the south shore of the Baie de Chaleurs, a warm bay which continues past Caraquet. This region has a strong francophone heritage, in sharp contrast to the United Empire Loyalist roots of more southern New Brunswick communities such as Fredericton.

The area has had numerous names over the centuries: it was called Wisiamkik (muddy spot) by the Mi'kmaq who inhabited the region, it was then named Pointe-des-Sauvages by the French in 1700 and subsequently Pointe-Rochelle, Cavenik's Point, Kavanagh's Point, Quiton's Point and Martin's Point, before settling in 1833 with its current name in honour of Lieutenant-Governor Sir Archibald Campbell.

Forestry and tourism are major industries in the regional economy, while a pulp mill in nearby Atholville is the largest single employer in the area. As part of the tourism industry, wealthy sportfishermen seeking Atlantic salmon flock to the scenic Restigouche Valley every summer. The region sees extensive annual snowfall.

Campbellton is also a retail and service centre for Restigouche County.

History
The area around the site of the present city was settled by French people circa 1700 with a trading post based upon fishing and fur trading with the Mi'kmaq. More settlers arrived here when the French Ile St. Jean (Prince Edward Island) as the result of the capitulation of Louisbourg in 1758.

It was here that the Battle of the Restigouche, the final naval battle between the English and French for the possession of North America during the Seven Years' War, was waged in 1760. In 1769, Scotsman Hugh Baillie and a partner set up a fur and salted salmon business on the site that would become Campbellton. The business was sold to London merchant John Shoolbred, who in 1773 established the first British settlement on the Restigouche. His agent, William Smith, brought over eight Scottish fishermen from Aberdeen, Scotland, to work for him. In 1794, a Scotsman from Perth named Alexander Ferguson settled in Martin's Point (Campbellton), where his brother Robert joined him two years later.

Considered the founder of Restigouche County, Robert Ferguson established his control over the development of northern New Brunswick during the first half of the 19th century. In 1803, Ferguson inherited his brother's business and quickly became the largest merchant and exporter of fish in Restigouche. Until the 1840s, he shipped between 1,200 and 1,400 barrels of salted salmon per year. He became the most important landowner in the region. He also operated a flour mill and a sawmill and exported hewn wood. He even constructed his own boats in the village that now bears the name of Atholville.

In 1875, the advent of the intercolonial railway, and permanent railway station in 1876, had a strong impact on Campbellton. Its population increased rapidly.

On 11 July 1910, a disastrous fire sparked by a sawmill on the waterfront destroyed a large portion of the town. The fire was spread throughout the town by flaming shingles. Prior to the fire its population was approaching 4,000 citizens and help came from near and far to provide food and supplies in order to come to their aid. Most of the people had to live in tents while plans to rebuild were being prepared. Campbellton was rebuilt in the months and years following the fire. Many of the new (now historic) buildings were constructed of brick as Water Street had been designated a "Fire District" where all new buildings had to be built with fireproof exterior walls.

Climate
Campbellton has a cold, wet and snowy humid continental climate with vast seasonal temperature differences, although summers are somewhat moderated by its proximity to the cold waters of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Moderation is nearly non-existent in winter, as prevailing wind from the interior cause temperatures to often plummet below −20 °C (−4 °F).

By car
Principal highways into Campbellton/Pointe-à-la-Croix are Québec 132 (a ring road around the entire Gaspé Peninsula, and the main road west from Rimouski) and NB 11 (a limited-access road eastward to the Acadian Coast). NB 17 runs southwest through forest to the NB-Maine border (joining the Trans-Canada Highway and US Route 1 near Van Buren, Maine), but there is one intermediate town and few services on this road.

By bus

 * Operates a route between Campbellton and Moncton including stops in Dalhousie, Bathurst, Miramichi, and Moncton Airport. Travel time to Campbellton from Bathurst is 1.25 hours, form Miramichi is 2 hours, and from Moncton is 4 hours.
 * Travel to Campellton from the following destinations involving same day transfers is as follows:
 * From Edmundston (12.5 hours), Fredericton (8.75 hours), Halifax (8 hours), and Saint John (9 hours) with a transfer in Moncton.
 * From Charlottetown (7 hours) with transfers in Amherst and Moncton.
 * From Antigonish (9 hours), North Sydney (11.75 hours), Sydney (12.5 hours) with transfers in Truro and Moncton.


 * Operates a route between Gaspé and Rimouski including stops in Percé, Chandler, Bonaventure, Pointe-à-la-Croix, Amqui, and Mont-Joli. Travel time to Pointe-à-la-Croix from Gaspé is 5 hours, from Percé is 4.25 hours, from Bonaventure is 2 hours, from Mont-Joli is 2.5 hours, and from Rimouski is 3 hours.
 * Same day connecting service with a transfer at Rimouski to and from Quebec City and Rivière-du-Loup. Travel time to Quebec City is 7.5 hours and from Rivière-du-Loup is 5.25 hours.
 * Same day connecting service is available to and from Montreal with transfers in Quebec City and Rimouski. Travel time to Pointe-à-la-Croix from Montreal is 10.75 hours.
 * Same day connecting service is available to and from Montreal with transfers in Quebec City and Rimouski. Travel time to Pointe-à-la-Croix from Montreal is 10.75 hours.

By train

 * Train operator:
 * Operates The Ocean route between Halifax and Montreal, including stops in Moncton and Sainte-Foy (near Quebec City). Travel time to Campbellton from Halifax is 10.25 hours, from Moncton is 5.5 hours, from Sainte-Foy is 7.75 hours, and from Montreal is 11.75 hours. Operates three trips per direction per week. A shuttle between train stations in Sainte-Foy and in Quebec City is available for The Ocean trains, but must be reserved in advance.

By plane
You can get to Campbellton from the Bathurst airport. It takes about an hour from Bathurst Airport. The only airline in Bathurst airport is Air Canada. If you own a private plane or air taxi, you can also reach Campbellton by the Charlo airport nearby Campbellton.

See

 * Restigouche Sam, an 8.5-metre (28-ft) salmon statue made of stainless steel, honours Campbellton's historical connection with the "salmon-rich" Restigouche River.
 * Several murals have also been created to beautify the city.
 * Several murals have also been created to beautify the city.
 * Several murals have also been created to beautify the city.
 * Several murals have also been created to beautify the city.

Do